The
Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman Review
Written
on 8/19/2014
When
someone in my literary journalism course spoke of this book in my
last semester of college, I knew I had to read it. The way she spoke
of the journalistic nature of this non-fiction work, the acute
description of culture, and the simplistic yet complicated angle of
modern medicine intrigued me. Before I came to Madagascar, I was
searching through the social sciences section of Half Priced Books
and I stumbled upon it. I couldn't be happier with my decision to
purchase this book and take it with me on this journey. It even had a
reference to a Returned Peace Corp Volunteer from Micronesia! How
relevant!
The
first thing that struck me was Fadimans way of creating the tension
between the shaman healing ideals of the Hmong people and the
techniques of modern medicine. The main character of this story is
Lia Lee, a hmong girl who was born with Epilepsy, described by the
Hmong as a disease where "the spirit catches you and you fall
down."
Modern
medcine cures ailments of the body, which conflicts with the Hmong
idea that illnesses and problems come from ailments of the soul. As
Lia's mother, Foua Lee states, "Your soul is like your shadow.
Sometimes it just wanders off like a butterfly and that is when you
are sad, and that's when you get sick and if it comes back to you,
that is when you are happy and well again."
The
concept that problems and illnesses are associated with the soul and
not directly to the body make it difficult for modern medical
professionals to treat patients from the Hmong culture, not to
mention stark differences in other cultural practice and the limited
communication between them because of lack of interpreters and if
interpreters are present, a difficult time interpreting medical
jargon into easily digestible concepts in a language that does not
have words for diseases, but instead different ways your soul can
wander or be taken away.
Fadiman
explains in exceptional detail through extremely immersive reporting
why the Hmong have kept so strong to their traditions and why they,
for lack of a better expression, do what they do. The Hmong are a
people without a distinct nationality because they have never
belonged to a nation. The history of their voyages from country to
country are astounding and inspiring.
Similarly,
the story of the Hmong's immigration into America is
astounding...and profoundly troubling. In a country that preaches
freedom for all and was begun as a place to escape prosecution for
belief systems - the way the Hmong were and are treated is appalling.
Fadiman shows readers how the Hmong were spread throughout the
country and the goal was to assimilate in the "American ideal of
assimilation in which immigrants are expected to submerge their
cultural differences in order to embrace one shared national
identity. E. pluribus unum: from many, one."
Perhaps
one of the most heartbreaking instances of how America has failed to
live up to its preached freedom for all comes from Foua who states,
"What I miss in Laos is that free spirit, doing what you want to
do. You own your own fields, your own rice, your own plants, your own
fruit trees. I miss that feeling of freeness. I miss having something
that really belongs to me."
This
feeling of dependence and loss of freedom goes strongly against the
feeling that many American's have that, as Judge Michael Hider stated
at a Nationalization Ceremony Fadiman attended, "everyone...has
the same opportunity as the person sitting next to you," which
is an American ideal that has proven time and time again to be,
unfortunately, far from the truth.
Fadiman
researched the many different ways the Hmong refugees were mistreated
and misunderstood by policy makers, medical professionals, government
officials, and members of their community just because they held
strongly to their cultural beliefs and didn't assimilate in the ways
American culture pushes many to assimilate.
This
beautifully written and wonderfully reported really made me think
about cultures independently and what happens where cultures collide
- a topic very near and dear as I get closer and closer to my journey
as a Peace Corp Volunteer. This book not only had me thinking about
what values and ideals the Malagasy people around me may hold on to,
but also what parts of the American culture that I've brought with me
that I will need to let loose from my grasp.
As
Fadiman states near the end of this work, "If you can't see that
your own culture has its own set of interests, emotions, and biases
how can you expect to deal successfully with someone else's culture?"
If
you don't immediately go find and read this book, you're making a
mistake. I've passed it along to another PCT and she is thoroughly enjoying it already!